Gender-related differences on short- and long-term outcomes of patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare gender-related differences in outcomes of patients undergoing TAVI over a long-term follow-up period.BACKGROUND: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has been considered the standard therapy for patients with inoperable or high-risk symptomatic aortic stenosis. The influence of gender-related differences in outcomes of patients undergoing TAVI is currently on debate.METHODS: From January 2008 to January 2015, 819 patients (49% men) underwent TAVI and were included in a multicenter Brazilian registry. Patients were followed-up and clinical outcomes were evaluated according to the updated Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 criteria. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 497 ± 478 days. Compared with women, men had a lower rate of major or life-threatening bleeding (12.0% vs. 20.6%; HR = 0.57 [95CI% 0.40-0.81]; P = 0.001), and major vascular complications (6% vs. 11.7%; HR = 0.50 [95CI% 0.31-0.82]; P = 0.004). At 30 days, all-cause mortality was lower in men than in women (6.5% vs. 11.5%; P = 0.013), however, cumulative all-cause mortality was similar between groups (25.9% vs. 29.7%, men and women, respectively, HR = 0.92 [95CI% 0.71-1.19]; P = 0.52) over the entire follow-up period. By adjusted Cox regression model, renal function, diabetes, peripheral artery disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remained independently predictors of all-cause mortality...

Avaliação de exposições médicas em procedimentos pediátricos de radiologia intervencionista / Evaluation of medical radiation exposure in pediatric interventional radiology procedures

OBJETIVO: Avaliar as exposições pediátricas de radiologia intervencionista em dois hospitais do Estado da Bahia, visando contribuir para a construção de um cenário estadual e nacional, possibilitando o conhecimento das exposições e da necessidade de sua otimização, visto que as peculiaridades que envolvem a radiologia e a pediatria se potencializam quando se trata de procedimentos de radiologia intervencionista, em razão das doses elevadas de radiação. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 32 procedimentos em quatro salas nos dois principais hospitais que realizam procedimentos de radiologia intervencionista pediátrica na Bahia. Foram avaliados os valores de kerma no ar incidente e o produto kerma-área no ar de 27 procedimentos cardiológicos e 5 procedimentos cerebrais. RESULTADOS: Os valores máximos de produto kerma-área e kerma obtidos para procedimentos cardiológicos foram, respectivamente, 129,9 Gy.cm² e 947,0 mGy, e para procedimentos cerebrais, 83,3 Gy.cm² e 961,0 mGy. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados deste estudo mostraram valores de exposições superiores em até 14 vezes os obtidos em estudos realizados em outros países, chegando próximos de resultados obtidos para procedimentos em adultos. Isto revela quão elevadas podem ser as exposições pediátricas, indicando a necessidade de constante otimização dos procedimentos e avaliação das exposições.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate pediatric radiation exposure in procedures of interventional radiology in two hospitals in the Bahia state, aiming at contributing to delineate the scenario at the state and national levels. The knowledge of exposure levels will allow an evaluation of the necessity of doses optimization, considering that peculiarities of radiology and pediatrics become even more significant in interventional radiology procedures which involve exposure to higher radiation doses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 32 procedures were evaluated in four rooms of the two main hospitals performing pediatric interventional radiology procedures in the Bahia state. Air kerma rate and kerma-area product were evaluated in 27 interventional cardiac and 5 interventional brain procedures. RESULTS: Maximum values for air kerma rate and kerma-area product and air kerma obtained in cardiac procedures were, respectively, 129.9 Gy.cm² and 947.0 mGy; and, for brain procedures were 83.3 Gy.cm² and 961.0 mGy. CONCLUSION: The present study results showed exposure values up to 14 times higher than those found in other foreign studies, and approximating those found for procedures in adults. Such results demonstrate excessive exposure to radiation, indicating the need for constant procedures optimization and evaluation of exposure rates.

Racional e desenho do registro brasileiro de implante de bioprótese aórtica por cateter / Rationale and design of the Brazilian transcatheter aortic valve implantation registry

Introdução: A substituição cirúrgica da valva aórtica é o tratamento de eleição para pacientes com estenose aórtica acentuada. Entretanto, o risco cirúrgico aumenta expressivamente com o avançar da idade e com a associação de comorbidades. Recentemente, iniciou-se a experiência com o implante por cateter de biopróteses aórticas no Brasil. Justifica-se, portanto, a criação de um registro nacional para conhecimento dos resultados desse tipo de procedimento em nosso meio. Descrevemos o racional e o desenho do Registro Brasileiro de Implante de Bioprótese Aórtica por Cateter. Métodos: Trata-se de um registro multicêntrico, prospectivo, que incluirá 200 pacientes portadores de estenose valvar aórtica sintomática de alto risco cirúrgico submetidos a implante por cateter de bioprótese valvular aórtica em centros brasileiros. O desfecho primário do estudo é a mortalidade por qualquer causa aos 30 dias, 12 meses e 24 meses. Os desfechos secundários avaliados incluem, entre outros: 1) sucesso técnico do implante da bioprótese;2) mortalidade cardiovascular aos 30 dias, 12 meses e 24 meses; 3) desfecho combinado de segurança aos 30 dias; e 4) desfecho combinado de eficácia aos 12 meses e 24 meses. Conclusões: A análise dos resultados desse registro nacional permitirá avaliar os defechos do implante percutâneo de biopróteses aórticas em nosso meio.

Background: Surgical replacement of the aortic valve is the therapy of choice for patients with severe aortic stenosis.However, the surgical risk increases dramatically as age advances and with the association of comorbidities. Recently, transcatheter aortic valve implantation has been introduced in Brazil. Therefore, it was important to create a national registry to determine the outcomes of this procedure in our country. The rationale and design of the Brazilian Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Registry is described.Methods: This is a multicenter prospective registry, including 200 patients with symptomatic aortic valve stenosis and high surgical risk submitted to transcatheter aortic valve implantation in Brazilian institutions. The primary endpoint of the study is all cause mortality at 30 days, 12 and 24 months. Secondary endpoints, among others, are: 1) technical success of transcatheter valve implantation; 2)cardiovascular mortality at 30 days, 12 and 24 months; 3) composite safety endpoint at 30 days; and 4) compositeefficacy endpoint at 12 and 24 months. Conclusions: The analysis of the results of this national registry will enable us to evaluate the outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve implantation in our country.